Research Interests
As a theoretical chemist, I either collaborate with experimentally inclined colleagues, or work on my own interests. The latter includes the structure of the electrochemical interface (the metal-electrolyte interface in particular) and the reactions occurring in irradiated pure water. This problem in fact grew out of a collaboration with engineers who developed apparatus to test the purity of ultrapure water (impurities at the ppb level) by measuring the change in conductivity resulting from irradiation. We developed a model that took account of the species created by irradiation, starting with H• and •OH radicals, and the reactions they undergo. I was able to show how the increase in conductivity depended on the concentrations of oxidizable carbon and dissolved oxygen. Recent interest in the model has led to its extension to measuring the concentrations of dissolved nitrogen-containing species.
Recently, I analyzed small-angle X-ray scattering measurements on supported-metal catalysts. From the scattering of X-rays through angles of less than 1°, one can obtain information about the characteristic sizes of the regions corresponding to different phases. For these catalysts, the three phases are metal (usually Pt), support (usually silicoalumina), and void. The quality of the catalyst depends crucially on the sizes of the metal particles. We were able to show how particle sizes change during the preparation of the catalyst, which involves heating in oxidizing and reducing atmospheres.
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| Most of my research in the last few years has involved the study of platinum anticancer drugs. Although these drugs have been used effectively for decades, their mechanism of action is not understood. Experiments carried out in the laboratories of Professor James Dabrowiak (SU) and Professor Abdul-Kader Souid (Upstate Medical University) have shown that common assumptions about how the drugs are transformed in the blood before entering cells are incorrect. I have been involved in analyzing and interpreting HSQC NMR measurements, UV spectra, oxygen consumption curves, and other experiments, with the aim of constructing a model for how the drugs enter cells, how they react with intracellular thiols (which may prevent drug from reaching the nucleus), how the platinum attacks nuclear DNA, and how the lesions on DNA lead to cell death (apoptosis). We have learned a lot about the rates of the individual processes involved. Understanding how killing of normal and cancer cells depends on drug concentration and exposure time should suggest new dosing protocols designed to destroy more cancer cells while lowering side effects. I have been involved in analyzing measurements of platinum concentration in the blood and plasma of pediatric patients, to determine which patient parameters should be considered in administering the drugs so as to obtain the desired level of platinum. |
Concentrations of several species formed with ultraviolet
irradiation started at t = 0 and stopped at t = 0.4 s. |
Selected Publications
Centerwall, C.R.; Goodisman, J.; Kerwood, D.J.; Dabrowiak, J.C. Cisplatin Carbonato Complexes. Implications for Uptake and Toxicity. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127(37), 12768-12769.
Goodisman, J.; Souid, A.-K. Constancy in Integrated Cisplatin Plasma Concentrations Among Pediatric Patients. J. Clinical Pharmacol. 2006, 46(4), 443-448.
Goodisman, J.; Chaiken, J. Scaling and the Smoluchowski Equation. J. Chem. Phys. 2006, 125(7), 074304/1-074304/7.
Chaiken, J.; Goodisman, J.; Kornilov, O.; Toennies, J.P. Application of Scaling and Kinetic Equations to Helium Cluster Size Distributions: Homogeneous Nucleation of a Nearly Ideal Gas. J. Chem. Phys. 2006, 125(7), 074305/1-074304/8.
Tao, Z.; Goodisman, J.; Souid, A.-K. Dactinomycin Impairs Cellular Respiration and Reduces Accompanying ATP Formation. Molecular Pharmaceutics 2006, 3(6), 762-772.
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Faculty
Research Areas
Faculty
