Research Interests
The research interests of Professor Nafie are focused on the development and application of vibrational optical activity (VOA). VOA is composed of two areas, vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) and Raman optical activity (ROA). VCD is the difference in the infrared (IR) absorbance of a chiral molecule for left versus right circularly polarized radiation. ROA is the corresponding difference for Raman scattering. VCD spectra are measured with Fourier transform (FT-IR) instruments by a method first developed in our laboratory in 1979. Commercial FT-VCD instruments, based on this design, became available in 1997 and are now used world-wide in both academic and pharmaceutical research laboratories. In 2003, instrumentation for ROA measurements first became commercially available. Our laboratory has a close association with BioTools Inc., a company co-founded by Professor Nafie specializing in instrumentation for VOA. VOA spectra can be calculated accurately using quantum chemistry programs that are now available from Gaussian Inc.
 One area of research in our group is to use VCD to determine the absolute configuration and solution-state conformation of new chiral molecules by comparison of observed and calculated VCD spectra, as shown in the figure for a functionalized diketone. Another is to understand the origin of VCD enhanced by low-lying excited electronic states of certain transition metal complexes and metalloproteins. We also use both VCD and ROA to study the conformations of biological molecules such as peptides, proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. Another area of interest is VCD spectra of solid phase samples, particularly therapeutic protein pharmaceuticals, in forms such as KBr pellets, mulls, evaporated films and spray-dried films. In spray-dry films, we often see VCD enhancements of several orders of magnitude over other sampling methods. We are interested in extending VCD and ROA into new areas such as near-IR VCD of overtones and combination bands, near-IR excited ROA, and surface-enhanced ROA and VCD. When molecules adsorb to nano-fabricated structures on surfaces, enhancement factors of up to fourteen orders of magnitude occur in hot spots of very high surface plasmon fields, making possible single molecule detection. Observing surface enhanced VOA would add an additional level of chiral sensitivity to this already very sensitive method of molecular analysis.
Selected Publications
Kurouski, D.; Dukor, R. K.; Lu, X.; Nafie, L. A.; Lednev, I. K. Spontaneous Inter-Conversion of Insulin Fibril Chirality. Chem Comm. 2012, DOI: 10.1039/c2cc16895b
Li, H.; Nafie, L.A. Simultaneous Acquisition of All Four Forms of Circular Polarization Raman Optical Activity: Results for α-Pinene and Lysozyme. J. Raman Spectrosc. 2012, 43, 89-94. DOI: 10.1002/jrs.3000
Vibrational Optical Activity: Principles and Applications by Laurence A. Nafie, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Chichester, (2011). http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0470032480.html
Debie, E.; De Gussem, E.; Dukor, R.K.; Herrebout, W.; Nafie, L.A.; Bultinck, P. A Confidence Level Algorithm for the Determination of Absolute Configuration using Vibrationl Circular Dichroism or Raman Optical Activity. ChemPhysChem 2011, 12, 1542-1549. DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201100050
He, Y.; Wang, B.; Dukor, R.K.; Nafie, L.A. Determination of Absolute Configuration of Chiral Molecules Using Vibrational Optical Activity: A Review (Focal Point Review). Appl. Spectrosc. 2011, 65, 699-723.
Kurouski, D.; Lombardi, R.A.; Dukor, R.K.; Lednev, I.K.; Nafie, L.A. Direct Observation of pH Control of Reversed Supramolecular Chirality in Insulin Fibrils by Vibrational Circular Dichroism. Chem Comm. 2010, 46, 7154-7156. DOI: 10.1039/C0CC02423F
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